Index

Apothecaries Liquid Area Measure Canned Food Sizes Chain, Engineers Chain, Surveyors Circles Circle Formulas Cord of Wood Customary Wts &. Meas.

Dry Measure Fractions/Decimals Kitchen Measures Kitchen Units Linear Measure Liquid Measure Lumber Sizes Metric Units Metric / US Equivalents Nautical Measure

Physical Measure Recipe Substitutes Temperature Vocational Volume Weight, Apothecaries Weight, Common Weight, Troy World Time Zones

Decimal Equivalents of Fractions    ½s       ¼s       8ths       16ths       32nds       64ths    Inch Decimals Millimeter Decimals 1 1 2 1 2 3 4 0.015625 0.03125 0.046875 0.0625    = 0.397    =   .794    =  1.191     =  1.588 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0.078125 0.09375 0.109375 0.125    =  1.984    =  2.381    = 2.778    =  3.175 3 5 6 9 10 11 12 0.140625 0.15625 0.171875 0.1875    =  3.572    =  3.969    =  4.366    =  4.763 1 2 4 7 8 13 14 15 16 0.203125 0.21875 0.234375 0.2500    =  5.159    =  5.556    =  5.953    =  6.350 5 9 10 17 18 19 20 0.265625 0.28125 0.296875 0.3125    =  6.747    =  7.144    =  7.541    =  7.938 3 6 11 12 21 22 23 24 0.328125 0.34375 0.359375 0.3750    =  8.334    =  8.731    =  9.128    =  9.525 7 13 14 25 26 27 28 0.390625 0.40625 0.421875 0.4375    =  9.922    = 10.319    = 10.716    = 11.113 1 2 4 8 15 16 29 30 31 32 0.453125 0.46875 0.484375 0.5    = 11.509    = 11.906    = 12.303    = 12.700

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Lumber Sizes Stated Size Actual Size 1 x 4 1 x 5 1 x 6 1 x 8 1 x 10 1 x 12 3/4 X 3 5/8 3/4 x 4 5/8 3/4 x 5 5/8 3/4 x 7 1/2 3/4 x 9 1/2 3/4 x 11 1/2 2 x 4 2 x 6 2 x 8 2 x 10 2 x 12 1 5/8 X 3 5/8 1 5/8 x 5 5/8 1 5/8 x 7 1/2 1 5/8 x 9 1/2 1 5/8 x 11 1/2 Cord of Wood 4' x 4' x 8' 128 Cubic Feet

Circular Measure Equivalents 60 seconds (") 60 minutes 90 degrees 4 quadrants 1 minute (') 1 degree (º) 1 quadrant 1 circle or circumference = 360º Formulas for Circles Circumference of a circle: Multiply the diameter by 3.1416 Diameter of a circle: Multiply the circumference by 0.31831 Area of a circle: Multiply the square of the diameter by 0.7854

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Tables of U.S. Customary Weights and Measures

Linear Measure Equivalents   1/12 foot (ft.) 12 inches   3 feet   5 ½ yards   1 rod, pole, or perch 40 rods   1 furlong   8 furlongs   1 mile   1 mile   3 miles 6,076.10333 feet 1 inch (in.) 1 foot 1 yard (yd.) 1 rod (rd.) 16 ½ feet 1 furlong (fur.) 220 yds or 660 ft 1 statute mile 1760 yards 5280 feet 1 league 1 nautical, geographical, or sea mile

Area Measure Equivalents 1/144 square foot (sq. ft.) 144 square inches 9 square feet 1 square yard 30 ¼ square yards 1 square rod 160 square rods 1 acre 1 acre 640 acres 1 square mile 6 miles square 1 township 36 sections 1 square inch (sq. in.) 1 square foot 1 square yard (sq. yd.) 1,296 square inches 1 square rod (sq. rd.) 272 ¼ square feet 1 acre 4,840 square yards 43,560 square feet 1 square mile (sq. mi.) 1 section (of land) 1 township 36 sections 36 square miles

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Volume Measure Equivalents Units used to describe the three dimensional measurement of volume. The volume of a simple cube is found by multiplying the length x width x depth.
1/1728 cubic foot (cu. ft.) 1728 cubic inches 27 cubic feet	1 cubic inch (cu. in.) 1 cubic foot 1 cubic yard (cu. yd.)

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Liquid Measure Equivalents Units used to describe the volume amounts of liquids 1/16 pint (pt.) 4 ounces 4 gills 1 pint 1 pint 2 pints 1 quart 1 quart 4 quarts 1 gallon 1 gallon 1 gallon 1 gallon 31½ gallons 1 barrel 2 barrels 1 hogshead 1 hogshead 1 ounce (oz.) 1 gill (gi.) 1 pint 28.875 cubic inches 16 ounces 1 quart (qt.) 57.75 cubic inches 32 ounces 1 gallon (gal.) 231 cubic inches 8 pints 32 gills 128 ounces 1 barrel (bbl.) 126 quarts 1 hogshead 63 gallons 252 quarts

Dry Measure Equivalents Units used to describe the volume amount of certain dry commodities ½ quart (qt.) 2 pints 1 quart 8 quarts 1 peck 1 peck 4 pecks 1 bushel 1 bushel 105 quarts 1 barrel 1 pint (pt.) 1 quart 67.2003 cubic inches 1 peck (pk.) 537.605 cubic inches 16 pints 1 bushel (bu.) 2150.42 cubic inches 32 quarts 1 barrel    (for fruits, vegetables,     and other dry commodities) 7056 cubic inches

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Avoirdupois Weight The common, everyday units of weight
27 11/32 grains 16 drams 1 ounce 16 ounces 1 pound 1 pound 100 pounds 20 hundredweights 1 ton	1 dram (dr.) 1 ounce (oz.) 437½ grains 1 pound (lb.) 256 drams 7000 grains 1 hundredweight (cwt.) 1 ton (tn.) 2000 pounds
In "gross" or "long" measure, the following values are recognized:
112 pounds 20 gross or long hundredweights 1 gross or long ton	1 gross or long hundredweight 1 gross or long ton 2240 pounds

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Tables of U.S. Customary Vocational Weights and Measures

Apothecaries Liquid Measure Equivalents Units used by pharmacists to measure liquid drugs and medicines 1/480 fluid ounce (fl.oz.) 60 minims 1 fluid dram 60 fluid drams 1 fluid ounce 16 fluid ounce 1 pint 1 pint 2 pints 1 quart 1 quart 1 quart 4 quarts 1 gallon 1 gallon 1 gallon 1 minim (min.) 1 fluid dram (fl.dr.) 0.2256 cubic inch 1 fluid ounce 1.8047 cubic inches 1 pint (pt.) 28.875 cubic inches 128 fluid drams 1 quart (qt.) 57.75 cubic inches 32 fluid ounces 256 fluid drams 1 gallon (gal.) 231 cubic inches 128 fluid ounces 1024 fluid drams Surveyors Chain 7.92 inches (in.) 100 links 1 chain 1 chain 80 chains 1 mile 1 mile 1 link 1 chain (ch.) 4 rods 66 feet 1 statute mile (mi.) 320 rods 5280 feet

Apothecaries Weights Equivalents Units used to describe the volume amount of certain apothecaries commodities 1/5760 pound    apothecaries (lb.ap.) 20 grains 3 scruples 1 dram apothecaries 8 dram apothecaries 1 ounce apothecaries 1 ounce apothecaries 12 ounces apothecaries 1 pound apothecaries 1 pound apothecaries 1 pound apothecaries 1 grain 1 scruple (s. ap.) 1 dram apothecaries (dr.ap.) 60 grains 1 ounce apothecaries (oz.ap.) 24 scruples 480 grains 1 pound apothecaries 96 drams apothecaries 288 scruples 5,760 grains Troy Weight Equivalents Units used to describe the weights of precious metals, jewels 1/5760 pound troy (lb.t.) 24 grains 20 pennyweights 1 troy ounce 12 ounces troy 1 pound troy 1 pound troy 1 grain 1 pennyweight (dwt.) 1 ounce troy (oz.t.) 480 grams 1 pound troy 240 pennyweights 5,760 grains

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Engineers Chain Equivalents 12 inches 100 links 1 chain 52.8 chains 1 link (ll.) 1 chain 100 feet 1 statute mile (mi.)

Nautical Measure Equivalents A knot is a measure of speed equal to one nautical mile per hour 6 feet 120 fathoms 1 cable length 6076.10333 feet 1 nautical mile 6,080.2 feet 1 fathom 1 cable's length 720 feet 1 nautical mile 1.151 statute miles (new US value) 1 nautical mile (former US value)

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Metric Measure

Basic Prefixes and Units
Prefixes	Meaning	Fraction	Decimal
Micro- Milli- Centi- Deci- Unit Deka- Hecto- Kilo- Myria- Mega-	one-millionth one-thousandth one-hundredth one-tenth one ten one hundred one thousand ten thousand one million	1/1,000,000 1/1000 1/100 1/10 1 10/1 100/1 1000/1 10,000/1 1,000,000/1	0.000001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10,000 1,000,000
Base Units		"Meter" for length "Gram" for weight or mass "Liter" for capacity

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Common Metric / US Equivalents

Metric / US Linear Equivalents 1 inch 1 millimeter 1 foot 1 meter 1 yard 1 meter 1 mile 1 kilometer 25.4001 millimeters 0.03937 inches 0.304801 meters 3.28083 feet 0.914402 meters 1.093611 yards 1.609347 kilometers 0.621370 miles Metric / US Mass Avoirdupois 1 ounce 1 gram 1 pound 1 kilogram 28.350 grams 0.035274 ounces 0.45359 kilograms 2.20462 pounds

Metric / US Liquid Capacity Equivalents 1 quart 1 liter 1 gallon 1 liter 0.94633 liters 1.05671 quarts 3.78533 liters 0.26418 gallons Metric / US Dry Capacity Equivalents 1 quart 1 liter 1 peck 1 liter 1.1012 liters 0.9081 quarts 8.810 liters 0.11351 pecks

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Temperature Conversion
Celsius to Fahrenheit Fahrenheit to Celsius				((9/5) * Input + 32) (5/9) * Input - 32
Celsius	Fahrenheit		Celsius	Fahrenheit		Celsius	Fahrenheit
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20	32.0 33.8 35.6 37.4 39.2 41.0 42.8 44.6 46.4 48.2 50.0 51.8 53.6 55.4 57.2 59.0 60.8 62.6 64.4 66.2 68.0		21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 33 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40	69.8 71.6 73.4 75.2 77.0 78.8 80.6 82.4 84.2 86.0 87.8 89.6 91.4 93.2 95.0 96.8 98.6 100.4 102.2 104.0		41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 55 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60	105.8 107.6 109.4 111.2 113.0 114.8 116.6 118.4 120.2 122.0 123.8 125.6 127.4 129.2 131.0 132.8 134.6 136.4 138.2 140.0

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Common Kitchen Measures

Common Kitchen Measures 3 teaspoons (tsp) 2 tablespoons (Tbsp) 4 tablespoons 5 tablespoons +    1 teaspoon 8 tablespoons 10 tablespoons +    2 teaspoons 12 tablespoons 16 tablespoons 2 cups (C) 1 pint 1 tablespoon (½ ounce liquid) 1/8 cup (1 ounce liquid) 1/4 cup (2 ounces liquid) 1/3 cup 1/2 cup (4 ounces liquid) 2/3 cup 3/4 cup (6 ounces liquid) 1 cup (8 ounces liquid) 1 pint (16 ounces liquid) 1/2 quart

Measure of Units 6 12 12 dozen 12 gross 1/2 dozen 1 dozen 1 gross (gr.) 1 great gross Physical Measures 3 inches 4 inches 9 inches 18 inches 30 inches 1 palm (British) 1 hand 1 span 1 cubit 1 military pace (Br.)

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Recipe Substitutes

1 square (1 ounce) unsweetened chocolate 1 tablespoon cornstarch (for thickening) 1 cup sifted cake flour 1 cup milk 1 cup sour milk 1 teaspoon baking powder 1 cup sugar      * Reduce liquid in recipe by ¼ cup.

Approx. 3 tablespoons cocoa + 2 teaspoons shortening 2 tablespoons flour (approximately) 1 cup less 2 tablespoons, all-purpose flour ½ cup evaporated milk plus ½ cup water      or 4 tablespoons dried milk plus 1 cup water 1 cup sweet milk plus 4 teaspoons vinegar or lemon juice ¼ teaspoon soda plus ½ teaspoon cream of tarter 1 cup honey plus ¼ to ½ teaspoon soda*      or 1 cup maple syrup plus ¼ teaspoon soda*      or ½ cup maple syrup plus ¼ cup corn syrup*      or 1 cup brown sugar (firmly packed)      or ¾ to 1 cup molasses plus ¼ to ½ teaspoon soda*

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Common Canned Food Sizes Can Name Dimensions in Inches Approx. Net Weight or Volume Approx. Cup Contents Chief Uses 6-oz. 2 1/8 x 3 1/2 6 fl. oz. ¾ cup Used principally for frozen concentraded juices, as well as single stringth juices 8-oz. Tall 2 11/16 x 3 1/4 8 oz. (7 ¾ fl. oz.) 1 cup Used for most fruits, vegetables and specialty items. No. 1 (Picnic) 2 11/16 X 4 10 ½ oz. (9 ½ bl. oz.) 1 ¼ cups Used for condensed soups, some fruits, vegetables, meat, and fish products. No. 300 3 x 4 7/16 15 ½ oz. (13 ½ fl. oz.) 1 ¾ cups For specialty itsms such as pork and beans, spaghetti, macaroni, chili con carne, date & nut bread, and a variety of fruits. No. 1 Tall 3 1/16 x 4 11/16 12 to 16 oz. 2 cups Used for salmon, fruit cocktain, and fruits for salad. No. 303 3 3/16 x 4 3/8 1 lb. (15 fl. oz.) 2 cups Used more extensively than any other for vegetables, plus some fruits. No. 2 3 7/16 x 4 9/16 1 lb. 4 oz. (1 pt 2 fl oz) 2½ cups Used for vegetables, fruits, and juices. No. 2½ 4 1/16 x 4 11/16 1 lb. 13 oz. (1 pt 10 fl oz) 3½ cups Used principally for fruits such as peaches, pears, plums, and fruit cocktail, plus vegetables such as tomatoes, sauerkraut, and pumpkin 46-oz. (No. 3 cylinder) 4 1/4 x 7 46 oz. (1 qt 14 fl oz) 5¾ cups Used almost exclusively for juices; also for whole chicken. No. 10 6 3/16 x 7 6 lbs. 9 oz. (3 qts.) 12 cups "Restaurant" size for most fruits, vegetables.

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World Time Zones Each time zone is approximately 15º, and is separated by one hour from the next zone. For political and commercial reasons, some regions are included in a neighboring zone. To calculate time in the different zones, find the number of zones that separate on region from the other. Then calculate the difference. See Time and Date.com for more information. World Time Zone Map Abbr. Full Name Time Zone Coordinated Universal Time Example City NST NDT AST ADT EST EDT ET CST CDT CT MST MDT MT PST PDT PT AKST AKDT HST US and Canada Newfoundland Standard Time Newfoundland Daylight Time Atlantic Standard Time Atlantic Daylight Time Eastern Standard Time Eastern Daylight Saving Time Eastern Time (either as EST or EDT) Central Standard Time Central Daylight Saving Time Central Time (either as CST or CDT) Mountain Standard Time Mountain Daylight Saving Time Mountain Time (either as MST or MDT) Pacific Standard Time Pacific Daylight Saving Time Pacific Time (either as PST or PDT) Alaska Standard Time Alaska Daylight Saving Time Hawaiian Standard Time UTC - 3½ hours UTC - 2½ hours UTC - 4 hours UTC - 3 hours UTC - 5 hours UTC - 4 hours * UTC - 6 hours UTC - 5 hours * UTC - 7 hours UTC - 6 hours * UTC - 8 hours UTC - 7 hours * UTC - 9 hours UTC - 8 hours UTC - 10 hours St. John's (winter) St. John's (summer) Bermuda (winter) Bermuda (summer) Indianapolis (all year) New York (summer) New York Regina (all year) Chicago (summer) Chicago Phoenix (all year) Denver (summer) Denver Los Angeles (winter) Los Angeles (summer) Los Angeles Anchorage (winter) Anchorage (summer) Honolulu * The actual time zone depends on the time and the place, some places are on standard time all year long, but most places observe daylight saving time in the summer. GMT BST IST WET WEST CET CEST EET EEST MSK MSD Europe Greemwich Mean Time British Summer Time Irish Summer Time Western European Time Western European Summer Time Central Europe Time Central Europe Summer Time Eastern Europe Time Eastern Europe Summer Time Moscow Time Moscow Summer Time UTC UTC + 1 hour UTC + 1 hour UTC UTC + 1 hour UTC + 1 hour UTC + 2 hours UTC + 2 hours UTC + 3 hours UTC + 3 hours UTC + 4 hours London (winter) London (summer) Dublin (summer) Lisbon (winter) Lisbon (summer) Paris (winter) Paris (summer) Athens (winter) Athens (summer) Moscow (winter) Moscow (summer) EST/AEST EDT/AEDT CST/ACST CDT/ACDT WST/AWST Australia (Australian) Eastern Standard Time (Australian) Eastern Daylight Time (Australian) Central Standard Time (Australian) Central Daylight Time (Australian) Western Standard Time UTC + 10 hours UTC + 11 hours UTC + 9½ hours UTC + 10½ hours UTC + 8 hours Brisbane Canberra (summer) Darwin Adelade (summer) Perth An A is sometimes prefixed to Australian abbreviations, to distinguish them from abbreviations in Northern America.

The majority of the data on these tables are from the Nation Bureau of Standards and were copied by Pat Tyler from a chart published by General Motors in 1957. The temperature conversion table was created using the formula to convert Celsius to Fahrenheit. The World Time Zone data is from Time and Date.com. Click here for a Perpetual Calendar on line.

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